Open radical nephrectomy has long been the standard of care for patinets with organ-confined or locally advanced renal cell carcinoma. In recent years, however, laparoscopy has replaced open surgery for some patients undergoing radical nephrectomy, based on easier convalescence with equivalent cancer control.q

It is incredibly tempting for readers to immediately look at the results of a study and determine the conclusions; however, the evidence-based mindset requires a more rational approach that questions the validity of the results, followed by a close inspection of them.

This article guides the clinician in the management of initial and recurrent nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Whether he or she practices in a community or an academic setting, every urologist is faced with the routine challenge of sifting through a myriad of scientific articles each month.

Lymphadenectomy in conjunction with radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard approach for surgical management of high-grade, invasive bladder cancer. Approximately 25% of patients undergoing RC will be found to have lymph node-positive disease.

PSA doubling time, defined as the length of time it takes for a PSA to double based on an exponential growth pattern, and PSA velocity, the rate of change of PSA over time, have been identified in large retrospective studies as strong prognostic indicators at the time of diagnosis prior to prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer.

Increasing evidence has recently pointed toward a relationship between LUTS secondary to BPH and the presence of metabolic syndrome. This relationship has been supported by recent epidemiologic findings.

Adequate lymphadenectomy is critical to the evaluation and staging of patients with many types of malignancies, including prostate cancer.

This article centers around the rationale and outcomes of the converse issue; namely, removal of metastatic extrarenal foci of RCC.