Studies finding that fatty acid binding protein 5 is preferentially overexpressed in high-risk prostate cancer and that a ketogenic diet significantly inhibited tumor growth in a mouse model of clear cell RCC were among other AUA 2018 take-home messages in basic science (malignant). The take-homes were presented by Heinric Williams, MD, MS, of Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA.

In a cohort of patients with hematuria, a urinary molecular assay (UroSEEK) had 83% sensitivity for bladder cancer detection, 95% sensitivity, and 93% specificity when it was combined with cytology, and 100% sensitivity for identifying patients with atypical cytology who went on to develop cancer.

Fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) is preferentially overexpressed in high-risk prostate cancer. Both FABP5 overexpression and the ratio of FABP5/fatty acid synthase is higher in overweight and obese men compared with normal weight men, and FABP5 overexpression is highest in obese African-Americans.

A ketogenic diet significantly inhibited tumor growth in a mouse model of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

A study using drug-resistant cell lines found intraclass cross-resistance to enzalutamide (XTANDI) and abiraterone (ZYTIGA) and to docetaxel (Taxotere) and cabazitaxel (JEVTANA), but no inter-class resistance between the anti-androgens and taxanes.

Most muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) tissue demonstrates a mixed pattern of basal and luminal subtypes. The presence of these subtypes has no correlation with clinical parameters, including metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, or lymph node status.

Findings from genomic characterization and analysis of outcomes of patients who underwent surgical resection for clear cell papillary RCC indicate it is an indolent tumor.

Gemcitabine/cisplatin therapy was the most efficacious treatment compared with paclitaxel/carboplatin and sunitinib (Sutent) in a mouse model of renal medullary carcinoma.

Prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts from African-American men exhibit a higher proliferative response to mitogens compared with fibroblasts from Caucasians and increase tumorigenicity of prostate cancer cell lines through enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators.

CD4+T cells infiltrate more into prostate tumors than into normal tissue. Co-culturing of prostate cancer cell lines with CD4+T cells induces docetaxel resistance that is mediated by secretion of chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and can be reversed by treatment with a CCL5 neutralizing antibody.

Genitourinary Cancers

Studies finding that fatty acid binding protein 5 is preferentially overexpressed in high-risk prostate cancer and that a ketogenic diet significantly inhibited tumor growth in a mouse model of clear cell RCC were among other AUA 2018 take-home messages in basic science (malignant).