
Break Wave lithotripsy's real-time ultrasound visualization of cavitation and its low-energy resonant frequency delivery mechanistically reduce the risk of renal hematoma and arrhythmia seen with conventional shock wave lithotripsy, while the boundaries of stone size, Hounsfield unit thresholds, and patient anatomy eligible for treatment remain to be defined in commercial practice, according to Ben H. Chew, MD, MSc, FRCSC.




























