The 2025 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress, held October 17-21, 2025 in Berlin, Germany, continued the recent pattern in urology of an onslaught of bladder cancer advancements. Notable bladder cancer research presented at ESMO 2025 included the phase 3 KEYNOTE-905 trial evaluating perioperative enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (EV, Padcev) plus pembrolizumab (Keytruda) combined with radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection, the phase 3 POTOMAC study looking at durvalumab (Imfinzi) plus BCG induction and maintenance, as well as the phase 3 IMvigor011 trial evaluating adjuvant atezolizumab (Tecentriq) guided by circulating tumor DNA.
