Mary K. Samplaski, MD

Treatment of azoospermia after exogenous testosterone use may require aggressive medical therapy, according to Kelli Gross, MD.

Two main options exist: sperm retrieval with assisted reproductive therapies or vasectomy reversal, according to Kevin J. Campbell, MD, MS.

Among the topics touched on in the discussion are lifestyle considerations, medical therapy, and surgical options.

"As clinicians, we must better understand how race plays a role in fertility therapy," writes Mary K. Samplaski, MD.