Selecting Treatment for BCG-Unresponsive NMIBC

Panelists discuss how for patients with BCG-unresponsive bladder cancer, treatment selection depends on key factors including tumor characteristics (carcinoma in situ vs papillary), patient fitness, and preferences. Standard options include radical cystectomy (the gold standard) or bladder-preserving approaches such as pembrolizumab, intravesical chemotherapy, or clinical trials. The decision requires careful individualization based on risk stratification, comorbidities, and shared decision-making.