Innovations in NMIBC Treatment: The Synergy of BCG and PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors

Key Takeaways

• Combining BCG and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may enhance antitumor activity through complementary mechanisms, potentially improving outcomes in NMIBC.
• BCG stimulates immune response, while PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors prevent immune evasion, providing a rationale for their combined use.
• The combination therapy could revolutionize NMIBC treatment, particularly for high-risk patients, necessitating adjustments in patient management.
• A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to optimize treatment strategies and patient care in integrating these therapies into urology practice.