Kidney Cancer

Upfront nivolumab followed by response-dependent sequential use of ipilimumab did not optimize treatment outcomes in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

The FDA is reviewing data from the phase 3 CheckMate-9ER trial, which showed that the combination significantly improved progression-free and overall survival compared with sunitinib in frontline renal cell carcinoma.

"Currently, there is significant variability in the design, conduct, and analysis of clinical trials for adjuvant treatment of both kidney cancer and bladder cancer. This variability negatively affects our ability to interpret trial results," said Richard Pazdur, MD.

The results may help guide treatment selection with immunotherapy versus targeted agents in patients with kidney cancer.

The combination significantly improved progression-free and overall survival compared with sunitinib in frontline renal cell carcinoma.

Meredith R. Metcalf, MD, discusses recent research evaluating management of clinical T1a RCC in men and women.

Investigators also reported that a subgroup of patients with 1 or more target kidney lesions experienced kidney tumor reduction and other benefits from the combination treatment.

“The combination of cabozantinib and atezolizumab demonstrated encouraging clinical activity in previously untreated patients with advanced ccRCC,” said investigator Sumanta Kumar Pal, MD.

Renal mass biopsy should be used for patients in whom results would impact management decisions.

The combination improved overall survival versus sunitinib in patients with previously untreated advanced RCC.

Combination therapy is the first-line standard for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

The novel HIF-2α inhibitor MK-6482 led to a decrease in the size of target lesions in almost 90% of patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease–associated renal cell carcinoma.

A study author said that “the long exposure [to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy] results in challenging surgery.”

“It’s case dependent. For appropriately selected patients, partial nephrectomy is preferred," says one urologist.

The phase 3 CONTACT-03 trial is exploring the combination of the multikinase inhibitor and immunotherapy agent in patients with renal cell carcinoma after exposure to an immune-checkpoint inhibitor.

Minimally invasive surgery was associated with similar overall survival and disease-specific survival outcomes compared with open surgery in patients with early-stage kidney cancer.

When compared with sorafenib, tivozanib showed improved progression-free survival, and a more manageable safety profile for patients with relapsed or refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Dr. Kutikov discuss several noteworthy studies about kidney cancer from 2018.

"2018 was an exciting and productive year for kidney cancer research," write Amr A. Elbakry, MBBCh, MSc, and Ketan K. Badani, MD.

Activating interferon stimulated gene factor 3 could be a new direction for treating clear cell renal cell carcinoma, according to a recent study.

“The efficacy benefit and the favorable safety profile support aveluamb plus axitinib as a new first-line standard of care for advanced RCC,” says researcher Robert J. Motzer, MD.

“We believe that referral for kidney SABR is worthy of consideration in patients with solitary-kidney RCC who are faced with limited and risky management options,” says researcher Rohann Correa, MD, PhD.

Body mass index appears to be a prognostic factor for treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, but the direction of the association might vary across treatment modalities.

"Proper patient selection, including those with low-/intermediate-risk disease, is paramount," writes Badar M. Mian, MD.

The authors discuss the case of a 57-year-old man who initially presents to a general surgeon with a chief complaint of right lower back and posterior neck pain, with associated soft tissue swelling. On presentation to the authors' institution, he had experienced regrowth of the masses with "ticking" in the right lumbar area that he correlated with his heartbeat. He also reported unintentional weight loss of 15 pounds over the previous 3 months.